Let a, b, x, y be positive real numbers such that x^2-x+1=a^2, y^2+y+1=b^2, and
(2x-1)(2y+1)=2ab+3. Prove that x+y=ab.
Proposed by Titu Andreescu.
Solution:
Multiplying both sides of the first two equations by 4 and both sides of the third equation by 2 , we have
\begin{array}{rll} (2x-1)^2+3&=&4a^2 (1)\\ (2y+1)^2+3&=&4b^2 (2)\\ 2(2x-1)(2y+1)&=&4ab+6 (3)\\ \end{array}
Summing up these equations, we get (2x-1)^2+2(2x-1)(2y+1)+(2y+1)^2+6=4(a^2+ab+b^2)+6, i.e. [(2x-1)+(2y+1)]^2=4(a^2+ab+b^2), which gives x+y=\sqrt{a^2+ab+b^2}. So, it suffices to show that \sqrt{a^2+ab+b^2}=ab. Multiplying (1) and (2), we get [(2x-1)^2+3][(2y+1)^2+3]=16a^2b^2, and using (3) we get [(2ab+3)^2+3(4a^2-3+4b^2-3)+9]=16a^2b^2, which gives a^2+ab+b^2=a^2b^2. Taking the square root, we obtain the conclusion.
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